Time-Based Conflict Mitigation in Near-RT RIC

Overview

This tutorial details the experimental setup and procedures for deploying and testing an O-RAN Near-Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controller (Near-RT RIC) with xApps. It covers the complete process from environment setup to xApp deployment and testing.

Note

The diagram above shows the experimental setup for the Near-RT RIC, including the Kubernetes cluster, Near-RT RIC platform components (xApp Manager, E2 Manager, E2 Termination), xApps (KPIMON, Traffic Steering), and E2 Nodes (CU/DU).

Note: Before deploying the experiment, ensure you have proper access to the testbed (e.g., SSH access to the gateway node and virtual machines).

Objective

• Deploy Near-RT RIC: Set up a Near-RT RIC platform in a Kubernetes environment.

• Develop and Deploy xApps: Create and deploy example xApps on the Near-RT RIC platform.

• Connect to E2 Nodes: Establish connections between the Near-RT RIC and E2 Nodes (CU/DU).

• Test and Validate: Verify the functionality of the Near-RT RIC and xApps.

• Understand O-RAN Architecture: Gain practical knowledge of O-RAN components and their interactions.

Resources

• Hardware:

  • Server with sufficient resources (minimum 8 CPU cores, 16GB RAM, 100GB storage)

  • Network connectivity to E2 Nodes (CU/DU)

• Software:

  • Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

  • Kubernetes (K8s) or Minikube

  • Docker

  • Helm

  • O-RAN Software Community (OSC) Near-RT RIC components

  • Example xApps (e.g., KPIMON)

Prerequisites

Before starting the experiment, ensure the following prerequisites are met:

1. Kubernetes Cluster: - A running Kubernetes cluster (or Minikube for local testing) - kubectl configured to access the cluster

2. Docker: - Docker installed and configured - Access to Docker Hub or a private Docker registry

3. Helm: - Helm 3 installed

4. Network Configuration: - Network connectivity between the Kubernetes cluster and E2 Nodes - Required ports open in firewalls

Experimental Procedure

Setting Up the Environment

1. Install Required Tools:

   # Update package list
   sudo apt update
   
   # Install Docker
   sudo apt install -y docker.io
   sudo systemctl enable docker
   sudo systemctl start docker
   sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
   
   # Install kubectl
   curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
   chmod +x kubectl
   sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
   
   # Install Minikube (for local testing)
   curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64
   chmod +x minikube-linux-amd64
   sudo mv minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube
   sudo install minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube
   # Install Helm
   curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/helm/helm/main/scripts/get-helm-3 | bash
   

2. Start Minikube (for local testing):

   minikube start --cpus=4 --memory=8192 --disk-size=50g
   

3. Clone the O-RAN SC Near-RT RIC Repository:

   git clone https://gerrit.o-ran-sc.org/r/ric-plt/ric-dep
   cd ric-dep/bin
   

Deploying the Near-RT RIC Platform

1. Deploy the Near-RT RIC Platform using Helm:

   # Deploy the Near-RT RIC platform
   ./deploy-ric-platform -f ../helm/ric-common/config/config-values.yaml
   

2. Verify the Deployment:

   kubectl get pods -n ricplt
   

   Expected output:

   NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
   deployment-ricplt-a1mediator-5b8b7f9c7b-7vxrw   1/1     Running   0          2m
   deployment-ricplt-appmgr-6c774c5bc4-m5lzs       1/1     Running   0          2m
   deployment-ricplt-dbaas-7c44fb4697-xh7xs        1/1     Running   0          2m
   deployment-ricplt-e2mgr-7976f5f5d4-nhkl7        1/1     Running   0          2m
   deployment-ricplt-e2term-alpha-7c4b5446bf-8g5xz 1/1     Running   0          2m
   deployment-ricplt-rtmgr-665f74d94-kfzxp         1/1     Running   0          2m
   deployment-ricplt-submgr-6bbfc8cf8f-t4h2t       1/1     Running   0          2m
   deployment-ricplt-vespamgr-864f96c6cb-nl9w8     1/1     Running   0          2m
   

Developing and Deploying xApps

1. Clone the xApp SDK Repository:

   git clone https://gerrit.o-ran-sc.org/r/ric-app/ric-app-kpimon
   cd ric-app-kpimon
   

2. Build the xApp Docker Image:

   docker build -t kpimon-xapp:latest .
   

3. Push the Docker Image to a Registry:

   # For Docker Hub
   docker tag kpimon-xapp:latest <your-dockerhub-username>/kpimon-xapp:latest
   docker push <your-dockerhub-username>/kpimon-xapp:latest
   
   # For a private registry
   docker tag kpimon-xapp:latest <private-registry-url>/kpimon-xapp:latest
   docker push <private-registry-url>/kpimon-xapp:latest
   

4. Create a Config File for the xApp:

   cat > config.json << EOF
   {
     "name": "kpimon",
     "version": "1.0.0",
     "containers": [
       {
         "name": "kpimon",
         "image": {
           "registry": "<your-registry>",
           "name": "kpimon-xapp",
           "tag": "latest"
         }
       }
     ],
     "messaging": {
       "ports": [
         {
           "name": "rmr-data",
           "container": "kpimon",
           "port": 4560,
           "rxMessages": ["RIC_SUB_RESP", "RIC_INDICATION"],
           "txMessages": ["RIC_SUB_REQ"],
           "policies": [],
           "description": "RMR port for data"
         },
         {
           "name": "rmr-route",
           "container": "kpimon",
           "port": 4561,
           "description": "RMR port for route"
         }
       ]
     },
     "rmr": {
       "protPort": "tcp:4560",
       "maxSize": 2072,
       "numWorkers": 1,
       "txMessages": ["RIC_SUB_REQ"],
       "rxMessages": ["RIC_SUB_RESP", "RIC_INDICATION"]
     }
   }
   EOF
   

5. Deploy the xApp using the App Manager API:

   # Get the App Manager service IP and port
   APPMGR_IP=$(kubectl get svc -n ricplt service-ricplt-appmgr-http -o jsonpath='{.spec.clusterIP}')
   APPMGR_PORT=$(kubectl get svc -n ricplt service-ricplt-appmgr-http -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[0].port}')
   
   # Deploy the xApp
   curl -X POST "http://$APPMGR_IP:$APPMGR_PORT/ric/v1/xapps" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d @config.json
   

6. Verify the xApp Deployment:

   kubectl get pods -n ricxapp
   

   Expected output:

   NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
   ricxapp-kpimon-7f7b9b6f8c-2xvqz   1/1     Running   0          1m
   

Connecting to E2 Nodes

1. Configure E2 Node Connectivity:

   The E2 Nodes (CU/DU) need to be configured to connect to the Near-RT RIC. This typically involves:

   • Setting the E2 Termination (E2T) IP address and port in the E2 Node configuration

   • Configuring the SCTP connection parameters

   • Setting up the E2AP protocol parameters

2. Verify E2 Node Connection:

   # Check E2 Manager logs
   kubectl logs -n ricplt deployment-ricplt-e2mgr-7976f5f5d4-nhkl7
   

   Look for messages indicating successful connection from E2 Nodes.

Testing and Validation

1. Verify xApp Subscription to E2 Nodes:

   # Check xApp logs
   kubectl logs -n ricxapp ricxapp-kpimon-7f7b9b6f8c-2xvqz
   

   Look for messages indicating successful subscription to E2 Nodes.

2. Monitor xApp Operation:

   # Continue monitoring xApp logs
   kubectl logs -n ricxapp ricxapp-kpimon-7f7b9b6f8c-2xvqz -f
   

   Look for messages indicating reception of E2 indications and processing of data.

3. Access xApp API (if available):

   # Get the xApp service IP and port
   XAPP_IP=$(kubectl get svc -n ricxapp service-ricxapp-kpimon-http -o jsonpath='{.spec.clusterIP}')
   XAPP_PORT=$(kubectl get svc -n ricxapp service-ricxapp-kpimon-http -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[0].port}')
   
   # Access the xApp API
   curl -X GET "http://$XAPP_IP:$XAPP_PORT/ric/v1/kpimon/metrics"
   

Advanced Experiments

1. Developing a Custom xApp:

   You can develop your own xApp to implement custom control logic. The basic steps are:

   • Create a new xApp project using the xApp SDK

   • Implement the required functionality

   • Build and deploy the xApp as described above

2. Testing Multiple xApps:

   You can deploy multiple xApps and test their interaction. For example:

   • Deploy a KPIMON xApp to collect metrics

   • Deploy a Traffic Steering xApp to optimize traffic based on the metrics

   • Observe how the xApps interact and affect the RAN performance

3. Integration with Non-RT RIC:

   You can integrate the Near-RT RIC with a Non-RT RIC to test policy-based control:

   • Deploy a Non-RT RIC (e.g., using the OSC implementation)

   • Configure the A1 interface between the Non-RT RIC and Near-RT RIC

   • Define and deploy policies from the Non-RT RIC to the Near-RT RIC

   • Observe how the policies affect the behavior of xApps

Troubleshooting

1. xApp Deployment Issues:

   • Check the App Manager logs: kubectl logs -n ricplt deployment-ricplt-appmgr-6c774c5bc4-m5lzs

   • Verify the xApp config file format

   • Check if the Docker image is accessible

2. E2 Connection Issues:

   • Check the E2 Manager logs: kubectl logs -n ricplt deployment-ricplt-e2mgr-7976f5f5d4-nhkl7

   • Verify network connectivity between the Near-RT RIC and E2 Nodes

   • Check firewall settings

3. xApp Runtime Issues:

   • Check the xApp logs: kubectl logs -n ricxapp ricxapp-kpimon-7f7b9b6f8c-2xvqz

   • Verify that the xApp is subscribed to the correct E2 service model

   • Check if the E2 Nodes are sending the expected indications

Conclusion

This experiment demonstrates how to:

• Deploy a Near-RT RIC platform in a Kubernetes environment

• Develop and deploy xApps on the Near-RT RIC platform

• Connect the Near-RT RIC to E2 Nodes

• Test and validate the functionality of the Near-RT RIC and xApps

The Near-RT RIC is a key component of the O-RAN architecture, enabling programmability and intelligence in the RAN. By deploying and experimenting with the Near-RT RIC and xApps, you can gain practical knowledge of O-RAN components and their interactions, and explore the potential of open, intelligent, and programmable RAN.

For architectural details and integration, see the Near-RT RIC Architecture in the Software Architecture section.

References

• O-RAN Software Community (OSC): https://o-ran-sc.org/

• O-RAN SC Near-RT RIC: https://docs.o-ran-sc.org/projects/o-ran-sc-ric-plt-ric-dep/en/latest/

• O-RAN SC xApp SDK: https://docs.o-ran-sc.org/projects/o-ran-sc-ric-plt-xapp-frame/en/latest/

• O-RAN Alliance Specifications: https://www.o-ran.org/specifications